Arthritis is a disease of the joint. A joint is where the ends of two or more bones meet. The knee joint, for example, is formed between the bones of the lower leg (the tibia and the fibula) and the thighbone (the femur). The hip joint is where the top of the thighbone (femoral head) meets a concave portion of the pelvis (the acetabulum).

The first type is caused by wear and tear on the articular cartilage (osteoarthritis) through the natural aging process, through constant use, or through trauma (post-traumatic arthritis). The second type is caused by one of a number of inflammatory processes.

Regardless of whether the cause is from injury, normal wear and tear, or disease, the joint becomes inflamed, causing swelling, pain and stiffness. This is usually temporary. Inflammation is one of the body's normal reactions to injury or disease. In arthritic joints, however, inflammation may cause long-lasting or permanent disability.

Arthritis is diagnosed through a careful evaluation of symptoms and a physical examination. X-rays are important to show the extent of any damage to the joint. Blood tests and other laboratory tests may help to determine the type of arthritis.

• Weakness (atrophy) in the muscles
• Tenderness to touch
• Limited ability to move the joint passively (with assistance) and actively (without assistance).
• Signs that other joints are painful or swollen (an indication of rheumatoid arthritis)
• A grating feeling or sound (crepitus) with movement
• Pain when pressure is placed on the joint or the joint is moved

At present, most types of arthritis cannot be cured. Researchers continue to make progress in finding the underlying causes for the major types of arthritis. In the meantime, Advanced Orthopaedic Institute utilizes many effective treatments and techniques to make living with Arthritis as comfortable as possible.